Crown Indicator Publications

Publications Based on FHM/FIA Crown-Condition Protocols and Data

Bechtold, WA. 2004. Largest-crown-width prediction models for 53 species in the western U.S. Western Journal of Applied Forestry 19(4):1-7.

Bechtold, W.A. 2003. Crown-diameter prediction models for 87 species of stand-grown trees in the eastern United States. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 27(4): 269-278.

Bechtold, W.A. 2003. Crown position and light exposure classification—an alternative to field-assigned crown class. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 20(4): 154-160.

Bechtold, W.A.; Mielke, M.E.; Zarnoch, S.J. 2002. Comparison of field methods and models to estimate mean crown diameter. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 19(4): 177-182.

Bechtold, W.; Randolph, K.; Zarnoch, S. 2009. The power of FIA Phase 3 Crown-Indicator variables to detect change. In: McWilliams, W.; Moisen, G.; Czaplewski, R., comps. Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Symposium 2008; October 21-23; Park City, UT. Proc. RMRS-P-56CD. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 21 p.

Brandeis, T.; Randolph, K.; Strub, M. 2009. Modeling Caribbean tree stem diameters from tree height and crown width measurements. International Journal of Mathematical and Computational Forestry & Natural-Resource Sciences. 1(2):78-85.

Randolph, K.C. 2010. Equations relating compacted and uncompacted live crown ratio for common tree species in the South. South. J. Appl. For. 34(3):118-123.

Randolph, K.C. 2010. Comparison of the arithmetic and geometric means in estimating crown diameter and crown cross-sectional area. South. J. Appl. For. 34(4):186-189.

Randolph, K.C. 2007. A comparison of tree crown condition in areas with and without gypsy moth activity. In: McRoberts, R.E.; Reams, G.A.; Van Deusen, P.C.; McWilliams, W.H., eds. Proceedings of the seventh annual forest inventory and analysis symposium; October 3-6, 2005; Portland, Me. Gen . Tech. Rep. WO-77. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service: 107-113.

Randolph, K.C. 2006. Descriptive statistics of tree crown condition in the Southern United States and impacts on data analysis and interpretation. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-94. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 17 p.

Randolph, K.; Bechtold, W.; Morin, R.; Zarnoch, S. 2009. From detection monitoring to evaluation monitoring – a case study involving crown dieback in northern white-cedar. In: McWilliams, W.; Moisen, G.; Czaplewski, R., comps. Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Symposium 2008; October 21-23, 2008; Park City, UT. Proc. RMRS-P-56CD. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 13 p.

Randolph, K.C.; Moser, W.K. 2009. Tree crown conditions in Missouri, 2000-2003. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-113. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 11 p.

Randolph, K.; Rose, A. 2009. Tree crown condition in Virginia before and after Hurricane Isabel (September 2003). In: McWilliams, W.; Moisen, G.; Czaplewski, R., comps. Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Symposium 2008; October 21-23; Park City, UT. Proc. RMRS-P-56CD. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 11 p.

Randolph, K.C.; Campbell, S.J.; Christensen, G. 2010. Descriptive statistics of tree crown condition in California, Oregon, and Washington. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-126. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 19 p.

Randolph, K.C.; Morin, R.S.; Steinman, J. 2010. Descriptive statistics of tree crown condition in the North Central United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-125. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 21 p.

Randolph, K.C.; Morin, R.S.; Steinman, J. 2010. Descriptive statistics of tree crown condition in the Northeastern United States. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-124. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 21 p.

Randolph, K.C.; Thompson, M.T. 2010. Descriptive statistics of tree crown condition in the United States Interior West. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-127. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 17 p.

Randolph, K.C., and J.W. Moser, Jr. 2004. An evaluation of changes in tree crown characteristics to assess forest health in two Indiana state parks. North. J. Appl. For. 21(1):50-55

Schomaker, Michael E.; Zarnoch, Stanley J. Bechtold, William A; Latelle, David J.; Burkman, William G.; Cox, Susan M. 2007. Crown Condition Classification: A Guide to Data Collection and Analysis. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS-102. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 78 p.

Woodall, C.W.; Amacher, M.C.; Bechtold, W.A.; Coulston, J.W.; Jovan, S.; Perry, C.H.; Randolph, K.C.; Schulz, B.K.; Smith, G.C.; Tkacz, B.; Will-Wolf, S. 2011. Status and future of the forest health indicators program of the USA. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 177:419-436.

Zarnoch, S.J.; Bechtold, W.A.; Stolte, K.W. 2004. Using crown condition variables as indicators of forest health. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34:1057-1070

Posters Based on FHM/FIA Crown-Condition Protocols and Data

An alternative to the Kraft Crown Classification System

A Spatial Cluster of Poor Crown Conditions

Comparison of Alternatives to Measuring Crown Diameters with Logger’s Tapes

From Detection Monitoring to Evaluation Monitoring -- assessing northern white-cedar crown dieback in Maine and Michigan

Impacts of Hurricane Isabel on forests in Virginia

Standardization, Residualization, and Adjusted Statistical Thresholds for Forest Health Indicators

The Power of Crown-Indicator Variables to Detect Change

Three perspectives of the forest canopy